#281=US#427; 8.17:#7 R#30, T#3: [#1&2 Neanderthals] Istanbul 2/3; Israel chem arms; Afg "Punishment of Virtue"; Human expansion by sea, Neanderthals.

P#281: Taiwan for Freedom & Peace: BBCWeb media: http://tinyurl.com/oy5dx Profile media: http://tinyurl.com/gvfp6 Rally #30: http://tinyurl.com/jzeqz Hakka #3/2-4 days: Istanbul Old Town: : Blue Mosque, Ayasofya(Mu+Ch), Yarebatan Sarnici(underg.palace); : Hippodrom{Roman arena), Topkapi Sarayi(Ottoman palace), bazaar; : afternoon: New Town: 16the c.- Asian side: Karadata?, Isdikaraer? Rd. Israeli chem weapon Early human expansion: http://tinyurl.com/z5jto Neanderthals: http://tinyurl.com/hfhlx >#1 Last Nndrthls: http://tinyurl.com/jv43e >#2 Fair mild: Up 6:10, tel & Mei off, children up. Now 10:52am still breakfast. Chayos of "The Punishment of Virtue" rebroadcasting still on. After "Neanderthals" lead from [G]Je to #1&2, now 12:51pm discover [B] AK's reply to my #1001, not trusting at all, 1:09pm finish emails, for tax work. Finish few emails, now 12:16am to quit. Bed 1:05. #1. 'Neanderthal yields nuclear DNA', BBC News, 06.5.16=2: http://tinyurl.com/hfhlx "" a significant advance on previous research that has extracted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) . This genetic material is contained in structures that power cells; and although the information it holds is very useful, it is more limited in scope than the DNA bundled up at the cell's centre. This nuclear DNA is what really drives an organism's biochemistry. "" "" Neanderthals diverged from the evolutionary line that led to modern humans about 315,000 years ago. Neanderthals lived across Europe and parts of west and central Asia from approximately 230,000 to 29,000 years ago. "" #2. ' Neanderthals' 'last rock refuge' ', by Paul Rincon; BBC News, 06.9.13=3: http://tinyurl.com/jv43e "" may have lived in Gorham's Cave on Gibraltar up to 24,000 years ago. The Neanderthal people were believed to have died out about 35,000 years ago, at a time when modern humans were advancing across the continent. The new evidence suggests they held on in Europe's deep south long after the arrival of Homo sapiens. The research team believes the Gibraltar Neanderthals may even have been the very last of their kind. "" "" Our own species, Homo sapiens, evolved in Africa, and displaced the Neanderthals after entering Europe about 40,000 years ago. "" "" The Neanderthals survived in local pockets during previous Ice Ages, bouncing back when conditions improved. But the last one appears to have been characterised by several rapid and severe changes in climate which hit a peak 30,000 years ago. These were probably more dramatic in more northerly parts of Europe, where they may have upset the balance between Neanderthals and modern humans, allowing moderns to gain the upper hand. Gibraltar's climate was sheltered from many of these changes, but it did eventually deteriorate. Recent deep-sea core data show that temperatures dropped sharply around 24,000 years ago. This could have created drought-like conditions excessive inbreeding could also have been a factor in their demise. ""